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Cleopatra, (Greek: “Famous in Her Father”) in full Cleopatra VII Thea Philopator (“Cleopatra the Father-Loving Goddess”), (born 70/69 bce—died August 30 bce, Alexandria), Egyptian queen, famous in history and drama as the lover of Julius Caesar and later as the wife of Mark Antony. She became queen on the death of her father, Ptolemy XII, in 51 bce and ruled successively with her two brothers Ptolemy XIII (51–47) and Ptolemy XIV (47–44) and her son Ptolemy XV Caesar (44–30). After the Roman armies of Octavian (the future emperor Augustus) defeated their combined forces, Antony and Cleopatra committed suicide, and Egypt fell under Roman domination. Cleopatra actively influenced Roman politics at a crucial period, and she came to represent, as did no other woman of antiquity, the prototype of the romantic femme fatale.

Why is Cleopatra famous?

While queen of Egypt (51–30 BCE), Cleopatra actively influenced Roman politics at a crucial period and was especially known for her relationships with Julius Caesar and Mark Antony. She came to represent, as did no other woman of antiquity, the prototype of the romantic femme fatale. Cleopatra inspired numerous books, plays, and movies.

How did Cleopatra come to power?

When her father, Ptolemy XII, died in 51 BCE, Cleopatra and her brother, Ptolemy XIII, coruled until she was forced to flee, about 50 BCE. Aided by Julius Caesar, her lover, she returned to power upon her brother’s death in 47. She ruled with her brother-husband, Ptolemy XIV, and then with her son Caesarion.

What was Cleopatra like?

Cleopatra was charismatic and intelligent, and she used both qualities to further Egypt's political aims. She was also ruthless, reportedly killing several family members in order to solidify her power. The only member of her house to learn Egyptian, she was said to be a popular ruler.

How did Cleopatra die?

With the arrival of the conquering Octavian (the future Roman emperor Augustus), Cleopatra’s husband, Mark Antony, committed suicide under the false impression that she was dead. After burying him, the 39-year-old Cleopatra took her own life, though how is uncertain. Some claim it was by means of an asp, the symbol of divine royalty.

Life and reign

Daughter of King Ptolemy XII Auletes, Cleopatra was destined to become the last queen of the Macedonian dynasty that ruled Egypt between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 bce and its annexation by Rome in 30 bce. The line had been founded by Alexander’s general Ptolemy, who became King Ptolemy I Soter of Egypt. Cleopatra was of Macedonian descent and had little, if any, Egyptian blood, although the Classical author Plutarch wrote that she alone of her house took the trouble to learn Egyptian and, for political reasons, styled herself as the new Isis, a title that distinguished her from the earlier Ptolemaic queen Cleopatra III, who had also claimed to be the living embodiment of the goddess Isis. Coin portraits of Cleopatra show a countenance alive rather than beautiful, with a sensitive mouth, firm chin, liquid eyes, broad forehead, and prominent nose. When Ptolemy XII died in 51 bce, the throne passed to his young son, Ptolemy XIII, and daughter, Cleopatra VII. It is likely, but not proven, that the two married soon after their father’s death. The 18-year-old Cleopatra, older than her brother by about eight years, became the dominant ruler. Evidence shows that the first decree in which Ptolemy’s name precedes Cleopatra’s was in October of 50 bce. Soon after, Cleopatra was forced to flee Egypt for Syria, where she raised an army and in 48 bce returned to face her brother at Pelusium, on Egypt’s eastern border. The murder of the Roman general Pompey, who had sought refuge from Ptolemy XIII at Pelusium, and the arrival of Julius Caesar brought temporary peace.

Cleopatra realized that she needed Roman support, or, more specifically, Caesar’s support, if she was to regain her throne. Each was determined to use the other. Caesar sought money for repayment of the debts incurred by Cleopatra’s father, Auletes, as he struggled to retain his throne. Cleopatra was determined to keep her throne and, if possible, to restore the glories of the first Ptolemies and recover as much as possible of their dominions, which had included southern Syria and Palestine. Caesar and Cleopatra became lovers and spent the winter besieged in Alexandria. Roman reinforcements arrived the following spring, and Ptolemy XIII fled and drowned in the Nile. Cleopatra, now married to her brother Ptolemy XIV, was restored to her throne. In June 47 bce she gave birth to Ptolemy Caesar (known to the people of Alexandria as Caesarion, or “little Caesar”). Whether Caesar was the father of Caesarion, as his name implies, cannot now be known.

It took Caesar two years to extinguish the last flames of Pompeian opposition. As soon as he returned to Rome, in 46 bce, he celebrated a four-day triumph—the ceremonial in honour of a general after his victory over a foreign enemy—in which Arsinoe, Cleopatra’s younger and hostile sister, was paraded. Cleopatra paid at least one state visit to Rome, accompanied by her husband-brother and son. She was accommodated in Caesar’s private villa beyond the Tiber River and may have been present to witness the dedication of a golden statue of herself in the temple of Venus Genetrix, the ancestress of the Julian family to which Caesar belonged. Cleopatra was in Rome when Caesar was murdered in 44 bce.

Soon after her return to Alexandria, in 44 bce, Cleopatra’s coruler, Ptolemy XIV, died. Cleopatra now ruled with her infant son, Ptolemy XV Caesar. When, at the Battle of Philippi in 42 bce, Caesar’s assassins were routed, Mark Antony became the heir apparent of Caesar’s authority—or so it seemed, for Caesar’s great-nephew and personal heir, Octavian, was but a sickly boy. Antony, now controller of Rome’s eastern territories, sent for Cleopatra so that she might explain her role in the aftermath of Caesar’s assassination. She set out for Tarsus in Asia Minor loaded with gifts, having delayed her departure to heighten Antony’s expectation. She entered the city by sailing up the Cydnus River in a barge while dressed in the robes of the new Isis. Antony, who equated himself with the god Dionysus, was captivated. Forgetting his wife, Fulvia, who in Italy was doing her best to maintain her husband’s interests against the growing menace of young Octavian, Antony returned to Alexandria, where he treated Cleopatra not as a “protected” sovereign but as an independent monarch.

In Alexandria, Cleopatra and Antony formed a society of “inimitable livers” whose members lived what some historians have interpreted as a life of debauchery and folly and others have interpreted as lives dedicated to the cult of the mystical god Dionysus.

In 40 bce Cleopatra gave birth to twins, whom she named Alexander Helios and Cleopatra Selene. Antony had already left Alexandria to return to Italy, where he was forced to conclude a temporary settlement with Octavian. As part of this settlement, he married Octavian’s sister, Octavia (Fulvia having died). Three years later Antony was convinced that he and Octavian could never come to terms. His marriage to Octavia now an irrelevance, he returned to the east and reunited with Cleopatra. Antony needed Cleopatra’s financial support for his postponed Parthian campaign; in return, Cleopatra requested the return of much of Egypt’s eastern empire, including large portions of Syria and Lebanon and even the rich balsam groves of Jericho.

The Parthian campaign was a costly failure, as was the temporary conquest of Armenia. Nevertheless, in 34 bce Antony celebrated a triumphal return to Alexandria. This was followed by a celebration known as “the Donations of Alexandria.” Crowds flocked to the Gymnasium to see Cleopatra and Antony seated on golden thrones on a silver platform with their children sitting on slightly lower thrones beside them. Antony proclaimed Caesarion to be Caesar’s son—thus relegating Octavian, who had been adopted by Caesar as his son and heir, to legal illegitimacy. Cleopatra was hailed as queen of kings, Caesarion as king of kings. Alexander Helios was awarded Armenia and the territory beyond the Euphrates, his infant brother Ptolemy the lands to the west of it. The boys’ sister, Cleopatra Selene, was to be ruler of Cyrene. It was clear to Octavian, watching from Rome, that Antony intended his extended family to rule the civilized world. A propagandawar erupted. Octavian seized Antony’s will (or what he claimed to be Antony’s will) from the temple of the Vestal Virgins, to whom it had been entrusted, and revealed to the Roman people that not only had Antony bestowed Roman possessions on a foreign woman but intended to be buried beside her in Egypt. The rumour quickly spread that Antony also intended to transfer the capital from Rome to Alexandria.

Antony and Cleopatra spent the winter of 32–31 bce in Greece. The Roman Senate deprived Antony of his prospective consulate for the following year, and it then declared war against Cleopatra. The naval Battle of Actium, in which Octavian faced the combined forces of Antony and Cleopatra on September 2, 31 bce, was a disaster for the Egyptians. Antony and Cleopatra fled to Egypt, and Cleopatra retired to her mausoleum as Antony went off to fight his last battle. Receiving the false news that Cleopatra had died, Antony fell on his sword. In a last excess of devotion, he had himself carried to Cleopatra’s retreat and there died, after bidding her to make her peace with Octavian.

Cleopatra buried Antony and then committed suicide. The means of her death is uncertain, though Classical writers came to believe that she had killed herself by means of an asp, symbol of divine royalty. She was 39 and had been a queen for 22 years and Antony’s partner for 11. They were buried together, as both of them had wished, and with them was buried the Roman Republic.

born

70 BCE or 69 BCE

died

August 30 BCE
Alexandria, Egypt

• queen, Egypt (51BC-30BC)

role in

• spouse Mark Antony
• son Ptolemy Philadelphus

Most Popular Online Slot Games

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A strong, powerful Goddess in her own right, Cleopatra is well known for her powerful rule of Egypt – and her exotic sensuality. The Cleopatra Plus slots game, from International Gaming Technology (IGT) software, pays homage to the power of this ancient beauty. A dark background and looming pyramids, swathed in mist, take players back in time.

This five reel, 40 payline online slot offers plenty to keep the veteran player entertained and give the novice slots player a challenge. The increased number of paylines, plenty of wild opportunities, and an unusual bonus round make Cleopatra Plus a truly royal experience. With a mobile-friendly version, Cleopatra Plus is an exciting game to take on the go – anywhere!

How to Play Cleopatra Plus

Beginning the game is simple. A prompt on the left, a white arrow on a green background, opens the wager screen. This allows players to increase and decrease the amount wagers and the number of lines per wager. While you bet, quiet music and the sounds of wind whispering over the desert sands play quietly in the background.

• Set your bet
• Minimum is 1 coin and 1 line
• Max bet is 100 coins and 40 paylines
• Select your lucky Egyptian deity
• Spin the yellow circle arrow

Compare Game Features – Paylines – RTP

The slot machine Cleopatra Plus offers players a custom wild — a lucky Egyptian deity. Starting at level one, Hathor, Bastet, and Aset are available. These three symbols spread out evenly along the reels, randomly, and offer more opportunities for a wild payout. Once players reach level four, three more deities are revealed. Amun, Ra, and Anubis will stack on the reels, offering a chance for larger, but less frequent, payouts. Players have the option to change their lucky deity after each spin.

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The presence of a custom wild sets Cleopatra Plus casino game apart from other slots. Players enjoy waiting for their patron god or goddess to drop and the customization adds to the gameplay experience.

Exotic Symbols and an Immersive Desert Experience

The land of Ancient Egypt is captured in the symbols of Cleopatra Plus. Most noticeable is the Queen herself, whose vivid blue eyes are outlined with thick kohl. While the reels spin, the music kicks in with a staccato drumbeat keeping tempo with the smoothly spinning reels. Twanging sitar tunes add to the ambiance. The standard 9 through King are the lower value symbols. An exotic red lotus blossom and vibrantly colored verdant green scarab beetle are two of the high-value symbols. The Eye of Horus, set against a cerulean blue background; an Ankh, the symbol for life; and the player’s own selected deity complete the high-value images. A Pharaoh represents a follower, one of the most exciting features of the game.

When one or two 2X Wild symbols appear on a payline, that line is doubled. The base game reels have anywhere from 2 stacks of 2X wild all the way up to stacks of 10 2X wilds. This many wild makes each spin exciting, with a potential for a larger payout. For players lucky enough to receive free spins, these also have stacks of 2X wilds.

Winning Payouts on Cleopatra Plus Slots Machine

Several Bonus Features Make Cleopatra Plus Unique

The 2X wilds are fairly common, and Cleopatra herself may often double a wager if she lands in a winning playline. The bonus scatter round is triggered when three or more bonus symbols land on the reels. Once the bonus appears, players have an option to choose a bonus map and place their followers. Not every map is available for every level, so choose carefully!

• Alexandria Valley
• Nile River
• Pyramids of Giza

Followers are accumulated by landing a pharaoh symbol on a winning pay line. The more followers a player has, the more rewards they have available. Plus, more followers allows players to advance up the levels of the game, revealing new deities and different prizes in the bonus rounds.

Bonus prizes can include:

• Free spins (up to 30)
• Free Spin Multiplier (up to 5X)
• Credits to your account (up to 30 times the total bet)
• Last spin multiplier (up to 50x)
• Super Spins (up to 10)

Each of these bonuses can be activated if you’ve chosen to place followers in that location on the map. Here is where the game gets more challenging than typical slots. Players have the chance to scatter their followers and win a small amount of each prize, or to put all their eggs in one basket and increase the amount from just one prize! The more followers, the higher your bonus prize.

Our Final Thoughts

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The free to play slot Cleopatra Plus offers enough bonus play to make even the most haughty Pharaoh gasp. The graphics are clear and crisp and the background music is soothing and exotic. Reels spin smoothly, and even the winning sound effects aren’t overly jarring. The thoughtful bonus rounds add a level of strategy that’s uncommon, and one that even longtime fans of IGT games will enjoy.